Compositions of matter and methods and steps of making and using the same



Patented Dec. 22, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MORTIMER T. HARVEY, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE HARVEL CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER AND METHODS AND STEBS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME No Drawing.

generally.

The invention further consists in the new and useful processes and in the new and original arrangements and combinations of steps in the processes hereinafter described and more particularly set forth in the claims. The invention also consists in forming a product having the general characteristics, the new and useful applications, and the several original features of utility hereinafter set forth and claimed.

Cashew nut shell liquid occurs in the cellular husk or shell which grows about the kernel of the cashew nut and this liquid contains anacardic acid and cardol. It is to be understood that in the claims set forth and comprising part of this application the term cashew nut shell liquid is intended to cover these materials together or severally from whatever source they originate whether natural or artificial in so far as they are efiective in producing the results herein set forth.

In making varnishes and other products from China wood oil an unusual amount of care is necessary in the heating steps required. In common practice it is necessary to heat the China wood oil by bringing it up to a temperature of 600 F. and holding it at that temperature for a period not longer than five or six minutes. The product of this heating is a gel which can be used with rosin and dryers in making varnishes. This heating process is critical in that if it is continued for more than the five or six minutes at the given temperature of 600 the gel produced sets into a thick and spongy solid which is insoluble inthe ordinary industrial solvents, is infusible and is non-miscible with the animal and vegetable oils commonly used in practice and is therefor not suitable for general use and can only be used for limited applications which require the use of expensive reagents for the conditioning thereof. In the China wood oil industry considerable Application filed January 17, 1931. Serial No. 509,542.

loss is sustained through this difiiculty in the handling of the oil during the heating steps.

According to the present, invention I have discovered that cashew nut shell liquid can be used with China wood oil during the heating thereof to do away with the danger of overheating the China wood oil; I have also dlscovered that cashew nut shell liquid can be used with spoiled gel that hitherto has been for the most part wasted and for making varnishes and other products for use in the arts generally. Hereinafter is set forth particular processes, steps, and products for the purpose of explanation and example of the invention. The variations and modifications of these examples are numerous and obvious.

In one application of the invention raw China wood oil and raw cashew nut shell liqu1d are mixed together, 80 parts by volume of the former to about 20 parts of the latter, and heated to or to about 600 F. The heating can be discontinued as soon as it reaches this given temperature but the continuance of this temperature for extended periods is not harmful to the product obtained. The product of this heating can be used, among other things, as a varnish or varnish base. By adding about 5% by weight of copper oleate to the product through the above process a var-' nish is obtained which is flexible, has a tough surface, has long life under conditions of heat, light, moisture and so on and is good for electrical insulation purposes, having comparatively high dielectric strength and ohmic resistance. The copper oleate is added to the reaction or heated product either before, during, or after the latter is taken up with a solvent vehicle such as kerosene, varnoline, gasoline or other suitable solvent. The heated product above described can be used without the copper olea'te, and either with or without other setting materials such as man ganese resinate for making varnishes and other products. The product is useful also for impregnating molded compositions for use in'making molded electrical insulation and for use in the arts generally. a Paper, cambric, canvas and soon impregnated with.

this varnish can be used for insulation on electrical coils and in other forms of insulation, also fabric covered coils can be impregnated with the varnish in a manner well known but with advantages new with this material.

In the use of cashew nut shell liquid for reclaiming China wood oil which has gelatinized, for an example, equal parts of the two by weight, or other proportions, are warmed together either with or without the presence of a solvent. The warming of the two together brings about the breaking down ofthe gelled condition of the China wood oil and the dissemination thereof throughout a mass comprising the mixture of the oils. The resulting products can be applied for general use in the varnish arts and in the arts generally. These products can be used either.

with or without a drying or setting material such as copper oleate or manganese resinate. The copper oleate can be added in amount about 5% of the China wood oil-cashew nut shell liquid reaction product above described, for example, by weight to secure a varnish which will dry on standing or will (1 in about one hour at a temperature of a ut 130 F.

In the examples above and hereinafter set forth the reaction is preferably carried on under a reflux condenser to return any volatilized quantities of the cashew nut shell liquid, but suitable products can be made in an open kettle.

The value of cashew nut shell liquid for use with China wood oil is emphasized when it is considered that unless the China. wood oil alone is heated up to the danger point (600-610 F.) at which danger 0 running over into the viscid gel occurs only inferior products can be secured. For example a coating made of China wood oil at lower temperature has a waxy or frosty surface which lacks continuity, ,stren h, smoothness and other characterlstics desired in coating materials. Further, the use of cashew nut shell liquid makes cheaper and more practical the use of China wood oil and linseed, or other oil of similar nature, together in coatin and other materials because the viscid toug gel roduced by heating China wood oil for too ong at 600 F. occurs at considerably lower temperatures when other drying or semi-drying oils are heated with it, even as low as 500 F. in the case of linseed oil. The three oils can' be heated together, or the linseed oil and China wood oil can be heated together and the cashew nut shell liquid added afterward, or the linseed oil can be heated with the cashew nut liquid and the China wood oil added thereafter, or the China wood oil and the cashew nut liquid added afterward. For example, parts by weight of cashew nut shell liquid with about 40 parts each of China wood and linseed oils cooked at a temperature of five or. six hundred degrees Fahrenheit give a product which with or without copper oleate, rosin, manganese resinate or other dryer will dry to a firm, hard flexible and durable surface and which is useful for varnishes, insulation, and for general use.

Although I have set forth and described processes for producing my improved products, it is obvious that various modifications and changes may be made in the processes or in the various steps thereof without modifying or changing the essential features and characteristics of the products and that such products remainessentially the same although modifications may be made in appearance, texture and in the physical and chemical characteristics, and while I have given typical formulas, I do not limit myself to such formulas as it is evident to those skilled in the art that other formulas can be emplication, Serial No. 372,521, filed June 20, 30

1929, which application in turn as to certain features constitutes a continuation of the subject matter disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 227,862, filed October 21,

1927, which in turn is likewise a continuation of the subject matter disclosed and not specifically claimed in my Patent No. 1,725,794, dated August 27 1929. As to other features claimed in the present application, the present application constitutes a continuation in part 0 my application Serial No. 234,027, filed November 17, 1927, now Patent No. 1,725,796, issued August 27, 1929.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: 1. A China wood oil varnish containing cashew nut shell liquid.

2. A composition of matter containing China wood oil and cashew nut shell liquid.

3. A composition of matter containin 80 parts by volume of Qhina wood oil an 20 parts of cashew nut shell liquid, approximatelX.

4. composition of matter containing about 80 parts by volume of China wood oil and 20 parts of cashew nut shell liquid together with about 5% by weight of copper oleate.

5. A composition of matter containing China wood oil, cashew nut shell liquid, and a dryer.

6. A varnish comprisin China wood oil and cashew nut shell liquid and solvent.

7. An electrical insulating com sition comlprising1 China wood oil and cas ew nut she l1qui 8. A composition of matter containing China .wood oil, linseed oil and cashew nut shell liquid. q

9. A composition of matter containing China wood oil, linseed oil, cashew nut shell liquid and a dryer. 3

10. An electrical insulating composition containing Ghina wood oil, linseed oil, cashew nutshell liquid and a dryer.

11. The method of making a composition of matter containin China wood oil which includes the step 0 heating approximately 80 parts by volume of China wood oil with 20 parts of cashew nut shell liquid up to 600 F.

12. The method of making a composition of matter containin China wood oil which includes the steps 0 heatin about 80 parts by volume of China wood oi and 20 parts of cashewnut shell liquid up to a temperature of 600 F. and adding thereto a dryer.

13. The method of making a composition of matter containin China wood oil which includes the steps 0 heating about 80 parts of China wood oil and 20 parts of cashew nut shell liquid to a temperature of about 600 F. and adding thereto copper oleate.

14. The method of making a composition of matter which includes the steps of heating 80 parts of China wood oil by volume with 20 parts of cashew nut shell liquid to around 600 F. and mixin therewith copper oleate in amount about 5 0 of the total welght.

15. The method of making a composition of matter which includes heating together about 40 parts each of China wood oil and iinsegd oil with 20 parts of cashew nut shell 16. The method which includes the heating of China wood oil and linseed oil with cashew nutshell liquid to about 500 to 600 F. and adding a dryer.

'17. The process which comprises heating together Chinawood oil and cashew nut shell liquid to produce a thickening thereof.

18. The process which comprises heating together China wood oil and cashew nut shell liquid under a reflux condenser at a temperature of about 600 F.

Signed at Irvington in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey this 16th day of January, 1931.

MORTIMER T. HARVEY. 

